What Is A Bear Market?

Hey Trader,


For a while now, I haven’t been shy about expressing the opinion that we are currently in a bear market.


Some traders out there may try to deny it, and wistfully proclaim the bull run will once again resume …


But with the S&P 500 down nearly 13% … and more potential downside still yet to come …


I’m not one of them.


But what exactly does that mean?


And what comes next?


Let’s take a look.


Technically, the definition of a bear market involves a prolonged period where markets shed their value …


Many people consider a drop of 20% or more to be a true “bear market” … but personally, I find it more important to focus on what is actually happening, so I watch for a long, steady drop lower.


How does that compare to what we are seeing now?


First, let’s take a look at the S&P 500 (Ticker: SPX) …


The SPX has been slowly grinding lower for more than two months at this point …


Whereas once traders were in denial that we would break below 4,300 …


We are now flirting with 4,200!


Now take a look at the VIX over the same time period …



The S&P and VIX are typically negatively correlated … so when one goes up, the other goes down, and vice versa.


Here is an interesting fact …


You may be familiar with the volatility zones we talk about here at Option Pit. (If not, here is a brief primer.)


In essence, I have found that volatility, and the VIX, tends to trade within four “zones” … each of which has its own characteristics.


During a bear market, Zone 3, which represents elevated volatility, is much more common than in a bull market.


While we typically view Zone 3 vol as a VIX between 18-23, it can also be as high as 28 or 30…


Which is right about where we are right now.


In a bear market, the VIX can spend months at a time in Zone 3, with some movement into Zone 4. In fact, Zone 3 can often represent a transition zone to Zone 4, which is where we see REAL volatility …


Zone 4 occurs when the VIX is above 30 … as it has been for more than a week.


Zone 4 represents true market panic, and it is not uncommon to see the SPX move 2% or more in a day.


However, while large market moves are not uncommon in a high vol environment …


It is more characteristic of a bear market to look more like a slow grind lower …


Exactly like what we are seeing now.


Take a look at how the S&P 500 fared from 2007-2009, during one of the worst bear markets in history …


Chart courtesy StockCharts


The index lost more than 50% of its value!


However, it is not uncommon to see huge (but short-lived) upward rallies … which we have seen several times already this year.


Take a look at the daily chart of the SPX in October 2008 …


Chart courtesy StockCharts


You can see that there are brief periods where markets move higher … and then once again begin their slow grind lower … and lower …


And as we know … it took about four years for the index to fully recover from its 2008 lows … 


But as it did, we entered the longest bull market in history.


On average, a bear market lasts a little under 10 months … but of course it can last for a much shorter or longer period than that.


So how low could we go this time?


This time around, I do not think a trip to 4,000 is out of the question …


And there are some traders out there who feel that 3,000 is closer to “fair value.”


Yes, it will hurt to watch for some …


But if you know how to trade the turbulence and the downturn …


It is very possible to come out of the other side ahead of where you went in, especially once the bull run picks back up again.


We held a special live event on Thursday to discuss the state of the market …


And our predictions about what is next.


Click here to watch it.


What’s your opinion? Do you think this bear market is here to stay … or will it just be a blip on our radar?


Let me know in the comments!


Your Only Option,


Mark Sebastian

Mark Sebastian

Mark Sebastian

Mark Sebastian is a former member of both the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) and the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), where he spent years mastering the art of options trading in the most competitive environment imaginable. As Chief Investment Officer at the hedge fund Karman Line Capital, Mark manages sophisticated options strategies for institutional clients. He is the author of two highly regarded books on options trading: ‘The Option Traders Hedge Fund’ and ‘Trading Options for Edge.’ Mark is a frequent guest on major financial networks including CNBC, Fox Business News, Bloomberg, and First Business News, where he provides expert commentary on market volatility and options strategies.

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About the Author

Mark Sebastian

Mark Sebastian

Former CBOE floor trader and CIO at Karman Line Capital. Author of ‘The Option Traders Hedge Fund’ with over 30 years of options trading experience.

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